Russia, officially known as the Russian Federation, is the largest country in the world by land area, covering more than 17 million square kilometers across Eastern Europe and northern Asia. It spans eleven time zones and includes a wide variety of landscapes, from tundra and forests to mountains and vast plains. Russia is home to diverse wildlife and numerous natural resources, including oil, gas, coal, and timber.

The history of Russia dates back over a thousand years, with the establishment of Kievan Rus' in the 9th century. Over time, Moscow emerged as a powerful center of politics, culture, and religion. The Russian Empire, established in the 18th century, expanded significantly under leaders like Peter the Great and Catherine the Great. Following the Russian Revolution of 1917, the Soviet Union was formed, marking the beginning of communist rule. The dissolution of the USSR in 1991 led to the creation of the modern Russian Federation.

Today, Russia is a major global power, influencing international affairs through its permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council. The country boasts a rich cultural heritage, with contributions to art, literature, music, and science. Famous Russians include authors Leo Tolstoy and Fyodor Dostoevsky, composers Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Dmitri Shostakovich, and scientists like Dmitry Mendeleev, who created the periodic table.

Russia's economy relies heavily on energy exports, particularly oil and natural gas, which account for a significant portion of its revenue. Despite economic challenges, the country remains an influential player on the global stage. Its capital, Moscow, is a bustling metropolis with iconic landmarks such as Red Square, the Kremlin, and St. Basil's Cathedral.

In recent years, Russia has focused on modernizing its infrastructure, developing technology sectors, and strengthening ties with neighboring countries. While facing geopolitical tensions, the nation continues to assert its presence globally, balancing tradition with innovation.